Which structure of the eye gives it shape and protects the inner anatomical parts of the eyeball?

The sclera is the outermost layer of the eyeball, often referred to as the "white of the eye." It provides both shape and structural support to the eye, enabling it to maintain its round form. This tough, fibrous tissue encases the inner components of the eye, protecting them from damage and helping maintain the integrity of the overall structure.

In addition to its protective role, the sclera serves as an attachment point for the eye muscles, which are essential for movement and focus. By safeguarding the internal anatomical parts, such as the retina, lens, and vitreous body, the sclera helps to ensure that these delicate structures function properly.

Other options, such as the cornea, iris, and retina, have specific roles in vision and eye function, but they do not provide the same level of overall structural support or protection as the sclera does. The cornea is the clear, front part that focuses light entering the eye, the iris controls the size of the pupil and regulates light intake, and the retina is responsible for capturing light and sending visual signals to the brain. Each of these components is crucial to sight, but the sclera's primary function is to maintain the shape and protect the inner workings of the eye.