Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?

The cells responsible for color vision in the retina are the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which correspond to various colors. There are three types of cones in the human retina, each sensitive to different parts of the light spectrum: short wavelengths (blue), medium wavelengths (green), and long wavelengths (red). This trichromatic system allows for the perception of a wide range of colors through the combination of signals from these three types of cones.

In contrast, rod cells are primarily responsible for vision in low light conditions but do not contribute to color vision; they are more sensitive to light intensity than color. Bipolar cells function as intermediaries between photoreceptors and ganglion cells, processing signals but not directly involved in color detection. Ganglion cells receive signals from bipolar cells and transmit visual information to the brain but do not play a direct role in sensing color themselves. Thus, cones are the correct answer, as they directly enable the perception of colors in the environment.