What is the function of basal cells within the olfactory epithelium?

Basal cells in the olfactory epithelium play a crucial role in the regenerative capacity of the olfactory system. They serve as stem cells, which means their primary function is to replace olfactory receptors that have a finite lifespan and are regularly damaged or lost due to environmental factors and the high turnover rate of sensory neurons. This regenerative ability is essential for maintaining a functioning sense of smell, as olfactory receptor neurons are continually exposed to potentially damaging substances and need to be replenished to ensure the olfactory system remains effective.

The other functions outlined in the choices, such as processing odor signals, supporting olfactory receptors, or detecting stimuli, are carried out by other specialized cells within the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for detecting odors and processing those signals, while supporting cells serve to nourish and maintain the health of olfactory receptors, but it is the basal cells that ensure the longevity and sustainability of the olfactory epithelium by regenerating the receptors themselves.