What are the two main types of photoreceptors in the retina?

The two main types of photoreceptors in the retina are rods and cones, which are crucial for vision. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions and are more sensitive to light, making them essential for night vision. They do not perceive color but allow us to see in shades of gray. On the other hand, cones are responsible for color vision and function well in bright light. They are concentrated in the fovea, the central part of the retina, and allow for the perception of fine detail and a range of colors.

The terminology used in the correct choice highlights these fundamental types, as they are the primary cells that directly convert light into neural signals for visual processing. Understanding the functions and characteristics of rods and cones is key to grasping how our visual system operates under different lighting conditions.